From Black Powder to Big Game: The History of a Powerful Combination
The sharp tang of gunpowder, the deep thrum of a powerful cartridge, and the immediate knowledge of a job well done – these are experiences that often accompany the use of a .45-70 double rifle. Its powerful presence, both physically and in its ballistic capabilities, has made it a favorite of hunters seeking to engage large and dangerous game for generations. This article explores the world of the .45-70 double rifle, delving into its history, examining its features, and explaining its relevance in the world of hunting today.
The .45-70 double rifle, with its imposing presence, stands as a testament to the enduring power of a truly effective design. The story begins with the .45-70 Government cartridge itself, which emerged in the late nineteenth century. Created for the US Army, it was a major upgrade to the muzzle-loading rifles of the era. The “45” referred to the bullet’s diameter in inches, the “70” indicated the weight of the black powder charge in grains. From the battlefield to the hunting grounds, the .45-70 rapidly became known for its knockdown power and effectiveness at reasonable ranges.
The double rifle design, a product of the same period, pre-dated the .45-70 cartridge, and was conceived as a faster, more reliable solution for hunting dangerous game. Two barrels meant two shots readily available, and the rugged design was often more than capable of withstanding harsh environments and the potent recoil of large-caliber cartridges. These rifles were often the weapon of choice for explorers and hunters across the world, particularly in Africa.
The joining of these two, the venerable .45-70 and the double rifle design, was a natural evolution. The .45-70, already a proven performer, was an excellent cartridge for the double rifle configuration. The result was a powerful and relatively straightforward package that delivered both performance and reliability. The synergy between the potent .45-70 cartridge and the inherent speed of the double-barreled design created a weapon capable of dealing with large and potentially dangerous game in the most challenging conditions. These combined elements cemented the .45-70 double rifle’s place in the history books of hunting rifles.
What Makes It Tick: Examining Features and Design
Understanding the components of a .45-70 double rifle helps to appreciate the whole design, the elegance and the effectiveness. It’s more than just a firearm; it’s an example of precision engineering combined with artistry.
The barrel configuration is the most defining feature, as the rifle is characterized by its side-by-side arrangement of barrels. However, some rifles feature an over-under configuration, presenting an equally effective but different aesthetic. The barrels are meticulously regulated to ensure that bullets from both barrels consistently impact the same point of aim at a specified distance. This regulation process is a key part of manufacturing a .45-70 double rifle.
Various types of actions are used in the manufacture of these rifles. The Anson & Deeley boxlock is a common and robust design, appreciated for its simplicity and reliability. Sidelock actions, with their external lock plates, are favored by many for their enhanced aesthetics and often offer finer trigger pulls. Each type provides a solid and dependable foundation for the rifle’s operation.
Sighting systems in the .45-70 double rifle are often designed for quick target acquisition. Express sights, with a low front bead and a rear sight with one or more flip-up leaves set for different ranges, are common. These sights are typically designed for the fast, close-range shots often encountered when hunting dangerous game. Scope mounts are often available, though they are sometimes viewed as detracting from the rifle’s classic look. Peep sights, when properly designed and mounted, can also provide the hunter with a good sight picture.
The stocks of .45-70 double rifles are as much a part of the design as they are functional elements. Stocks are often crafted from finely figured wood, like walnut, reflecting the rifle’s status as a premium product. The design and shape of the stock, especially the drop and comb, affect how the rifle handles recoil and how well it fits the shooter. Many modern manufacturers are also using synthetic stocks with the same performance specifications.
Triggers are critical components that affect accuracy. A crisp, clean trigger pull allows for more precise shot placement. The trigger mechanisms in double rifles are typically finely tuned to offer a consistent pull and minimize any chance of unintentional discharge.
The key features contribute to a .45-70 double rifle’s inherent strength and safety. The robust construction is designed to withstand the rigors of rough handling and heavy use. Independent firing pins for each barrel, coupled with a reliable extraction and ejection system, provide a measure of safety and allow for rapid reloading and follow-up shots.
A Hunter’s Best Friend: Advantages of the .45-70 Double Rifle
The .45-70 double rifle has earned its place in the hearts of hunters due to a collection of advantages. These advantages make it a formidable tool for various hunting scenarios.
The raw power of the .45-70 is the first thing that comes to mind. The cartridge is known for its ability to deliver heavy bullets with considerable energy at medium ranges, creating a significant impact upon the target. This power provides a critical advantage when pursuing large and potentially dangerous animals, because it is often essential to ensure that the animal goes down quickly.
Reliability is another crucial benefit. Double rifles, known for their simple and rugged construction, are less likely to malfunction under adverse conditions. The inherent redundancy of the double-barreled design provides the hunter with two shots ready to go. This assurance can be important when hunting dangerous game and makes this rifle a preferred option when a single, malfunctioning shot could have serious consequences.
The rapid follow-up shot capability, which is a benefit of the side-by-side design, is a significant advantage. Having the ability to quickly fire a second shot is often crucial when dealing with an aggressive animal. The quick, instinctive second-shot capability often makes the double rifle a preferred choice for experienced hunters.
Many hunters and collectors are drawn to the craftsmanship and aesthetics associated with the .45-70 double rifle. They are often beautifully made, with finely finished wood stocks, expertly checkered patterns, and intricately engraved actions. The care and attention to detail are evident in every aspect of these rifles. Owning a double rifle is not only owning a tool, but also owning a piece of art.
The balanced feel is another hallmark. When properly designed, a .45-70 double rifle feels balanced and comfortable to carry. The weight distribution in the design contributes to stability and makes it easier to swing on a moving target or recover quickly for a follow-up shot.
Considering the Costs: Potential Downsides
Even with its advantages, there are points to consider before deciding on this design. This makes it easier to be prepared for hunting.
A primary disadvantage of the .45-70 double rifle is the cost. The manufacturing process is complex, requiring skilled craftsmanship and precision engineering. This typically leads to a higher price tag compared to other hunting rifles.
These rifles are known for their weight and bulk. The double-barreled design, along with the robust materials used in its construction, can make these rifles heavier than other bolt-action or lever-action rifles chambered in the same caliber. This weight may affect portability and ease of use.
The .45-70 cartridge, when fired in a double rifle, can generate significant recoil. While the rifle’s weight helps absorb some of the recoil, the force can still be considerable, and some hunters may find it uncomfortable, particularly after firing a series of shots.
While effective at shorter ranges, the .45-70 is generally not as well-suited for long-range shooting. The trajectory of the heavy bullets tends to drop more quickly than flatter-shooting cartridges, limiting effective range.
The selection of ammunition is critical. Choosing the right bullet weight and type is essential for optimal performance and safety. This can be time-consuming, and each rifle may perform best with a specific load.
Behind the Ballistics: .45-70 Ammunition and Performance
The .45-70 Government cartridge is synonymous with the double rifle. This section focuses on ammunition.
Common bullet weights range from 300 to 500 grains, providing various levels of impact. Lighter bullets deliver faster velocities but less momentum, while heavier bullets carry more kinetic energy at a given velocity. The best bullet weight depends on the type of game being hunted and the range at which the shot will be taken.
The .45-70, even with its heavy bullets, has a moderate muzzle velocity, typically around 1,400 to 1,800 feet per second, depending on the load. This results in considerable muzzle energy, providing excellent stopping power at typical hunting ranges. The energy transferred on impact is critical for bringing down large game.
The .45-70, when used in a double rifle, often comes with shorter barrels than a typical bolt-action rifle. Shorter barrels may impact velocity and energy levels compared to the same cartridge in a longer barrel.
For many hunters, handloading their own ammunition is an option. The ability to customize loads allows for greater control over bullet weight, powder type, and performance. This gives hunters an opportunity to fine-tune their ammunition to match their particular rifle and hunting needs.
Purchasing the Classic: Navigating the Market
Buying a .45-70 double rifle requires careful consideration. The right selection ensures that the rifle will match your hunting style and experience.
Several factors should guide purchasing. A critical first step is to determine the intended use. The specific game you plan to hunt, along with the typical hunting conditions, will influence the choice of features and specifications. Budget is another significant consideration, as the price of these rifles can vary significantly.
There are many manufacturers of .45-70 double rifles, from bespoke custom makers to established brands. Researching and comparing the features, reputation, and warranty of each manufacturer is necessary before making a decision.
The option of buying a new or used rifle presents another decision. New rifles typically offer the benefit of a manufacturer’s warranty, but they also come with a higher price tag. Used rifles can provide significant savings, but they require careful inspection and due diligence.
An inspection checklist is essential when considering a used rifle. This should include a thorough examination of the barrels (for any pitting, wear, or damage), a check of the action (smooth and reliable operation), and an evaluation of the trigger (crisp and clean), as well as the overall condition of the stock and metalwork. A test fire and inspection of the resulting grouping is always recommended.
Hunting with this Powerful Rifle
The .45-70 double rifle’s characteristics make it an excellent choice for hunting specific game. The right selection can make the hunt a success.
The .45-70 double rifle is highly effective for hunting a range of big-game species. It is a favorite for hunting large and dangerous game, like bears, especially in close-quarters situations. It can be effectively used for hunting various species of deer and other large game animals.
A combination of hunting techniques can be employed. Stalking allows hunters to get close to their quarry. Still hunting involves remaining in a stationary position while the hunter watches for game to appear. Since these rifles are most effective at shorter ranges, hunters will maximize their chances of success.
The success of a hunt depends on ethical considerations. Responsible hunting practices include ensuring proper shot placement and respecting the animal.
Keeping it Running: Maintenance and Care
Maintaining a .45-70 double rifle is crucial for its longevity and performance. It requires a consistent maintenance schedule and storage procedures.
Cleaning the barrels requires a careful approach. Using a quality cleaning rod, bore brush, and cleaning solvent will prevent the build-up of fouling.
Maintaining the action is a critical step. It is important to keep the action lubricated, and, if the rifle is used in wet conditions, a wipe-down and application of oil will reduce the risk of corrosion.
Proper storage is essential to protect the rifle from the elements. When the rifle is not in use, it should be stored in a safe place, ideally a gun safe or a gun cabinet, to protect it from moisture and any accidental damage.
Conclusion: A Legacy of Power and Precision
The .45-70 double rifle, with its rich history, powerful performance, and enduring appeal, continues to captivate hunters and collectors worldwide. Its combination of stopping power, reliability, and elegant design makes it a true icon of big-game hunting.
The enduring popularity of the .45-70 double rifle confirms its standing as a reliable and powerful weapon. The classic .45-70 double rifle will continue to be a significant part of hunting heritage. Its craftsmanship, power, and elegance create a rifle that is appreciated by those who appreciate the art of hunting.
References
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